陈子龙,王芳,冯艳芬

• 1:广州大学地理科学与遥感学院

摘要(Abstract)：

评价城市建筑屋顶光伏利用潜力是城市太阳能利用的关键,而估算城市建筑屋顶的光伏有效利用面积是开展城市建筑屋顶光伏利用潜力评价的重点。本文以广州市为例,从物理潜力、地理潜力、技术潜力这3个方面对城市建筑屋顶光伏利用潜力进行了多元评价。为了提高建筑屋顶光伏有效利用面积的估算精度,本研究基于太阳的位置,利用Hillshade模型估算了被阴影遮挡的建筑屋顶面积;对于城市中高大植被对建筑屋顶的影响,还引入了归一化植被指数(NDVI)来计算植被覆盖度,分析了受植被遮挡的建筑屋顶的面积;最后,为了能够使安装于建筑屋顶上的光伏发电系统达到最佳发电效果,采用仿真软件对屋顶光伏发电系统中光伏组件的最佳安装倾角和前后排光伏阵列的最佳间距进行了计算,并对城市建筑屋顶光伏利用的发电潜力进行了估算。研究结果表明:2010-2015年期间,广州市的年太阳辐射量在3943.35～5007.85 MJ/m~2之间,且夏、秋两季的太阳辐射量充足;整个广州市可用于安装屋顶光伏发电系统的建筑屋顶有效利用面积约为10142×10~4m~2,光伏发电系统的年发电量约为84.73×10~8kWh,可减少约844.76×10~4t的碳排放量。开展城市建筑屋顶光伏利用潜力多元评价可为科学准确地把握城市太阳能利用提供可靠依据,并为安装于城市建筑屋顶的光伏发电系统的规划提供科学依据与方法支持,对发展城市光伏智能建筑、改善城市环境具有积极意义。

关键词(KeyWords)： 城市建筑;屋顶;光伏发电系统;有效利用面积;遮挡;阴影;光伏利用潜力;多元评价

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目“基于生物质能供给保障的农户响应及其土地利用空间优化路径”(42071262);; 广东省哲学社会科学“十三五”规划项目(GD16CGL03);; 广州大学科研立项(YK2020016);; 广州市哲学社会科学发展“十三五”规划2020年度一般项目(2020GZYB90)

作者(Author): 陈子龙,王芳,冯艳芬

DOI: 10.19911/j.1003-0417.tyn20200826.02

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